
It’s widely understood that excessive sun exposure increases the risk of skin cancer. Skin cancer isn’t just potentially deadly, especially in the case of melanoma, but it can also result in scarring and the need for numerous skincare treatments. On top of that, sun exposure accelerates visible ageing—think wrinkles, dark spots, and loss of skin elasticity—issues that affect everyone, not just those with fair skin.
But, while the sun’s rays aren’t all bad (sunlight boosts mood, helps with Vitamin D production, and can even support immune function), there’s no denying the damaging effects of unprotected sun exposure. This is why sunscreen is an essential part of any skincare routine, especially for those who love spending time outdoors, like many South Africans do.
The Sunscreen Debate: What’s the Latest?
There’s been a lot of confusion lately about sunscreens, with many questioning their safety and effectiveness. However, the overwhelming scientific consensus is clear: sunscreens are essential for skin protection. In fact, research has shown that sunscreen use has contributed to an overall reduction in skin cancer incidence.
Let’s tackle some of the most common questions and controversies surrounding sunscreen use.
Sunscreen and Vitamin D: Myths vs. Reality
One of the biggest concerns about sunscreen is its impact on Vitamin D production. Some studies have suggested that sunscreen may block Vitamin D synthesis, but recent research refutes this. A 2019 review in the British Journal of Dermatology found that sunscreens don’t significantly impact Vitamin D levels. The study that originally raised concerns used artificial light sources that don’t accurately reflect real-world exposure.
While it’s true that sunscreen reduces UVB exposure, which is needed for Vitamin D production, studies show that most people still produce enough Vitamin D even while using sunscreen. Additionally, you can supplement your Vitamin D intake through diet or supplements without putting your skin at risk of cancer.
Sunscreen and the Environment: What You Should Know
The environmental impact of sunscreens has been a hot topic in recent years. Ingredients like oxybenzone and octinoxate have been found to accumulate in water sources and may contribute to coral bleaching.
Many sunscreen manufacturers are moving toward mineral (physical) sunscreens containing ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which are better for the environment and suitable for sensitive skin types, including children.
Are Sunscreens Endocrine Disruptors?
There’s also concern about sunscreens acting as endocrine disruptors, particularly oxybenzone. While it’s true that oxybenzone has shown endocrine-disrupting effects in animal studies, the amount needed to pose a risk to humans is unrealistically high. No significant harm has been found in humans from regular sunscreen use.
Does Higher SPF Really Offer More Protection?
One of the most common questions we get is about SPF. While SPF is only a measure of protection against UVB rays (responsible for sunburn), higher SPF sunscreens do provide greater protection, but the difference is not always as drastic as it seems. An SPF 30 blocks about 97% of UVB rays, whereas SPF 50 blocks 98% and SPF 100 blocks 99%. The key is applying sunscreen generously and regularly.
In real-world conditions, people rarely apply enough sunscreen to achieve the full SPF protection. Applying sunscreen correctly (2mg/cm²) and reapplying every 2-4 hours is crucial to maintain maximum protection.
Why Tinted Sunscreens Are a Game Changer
Did you know that visible light can also cause skin damage, such as hyperpigmentation? Tinted sunscreens offer protection against this, as they contain iron oxide, which helps shield your skin from visible light. This makes them particularly beneficial for those prone to conditions like melasma or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Plus, tinted sunscreens are more suitable for all skin tones and can be worn without the dreaded white cast of traditional sunscreens.
The New Era of Sunscreens: DNA Repair and Early Skin Cancer Treatment
Exciting new advancements are being made in sunscreen technology. Some active sunscreens now contain DNA repair enzymes like photolyase and endonuclease, which help repair UV-induced DNA damage in skin cells. These sunscreens are not only great at preventing further damage, but they’re also showing promise in helping reverse early signs of skin cancer and reduce photo-ageing.
The Bottom Line: Sunscreens Are Still Your Best Bet
Despite ongoing research and concerns about specific ingredients, sunscreens remain the best tool for protecting your skin from harmful UV rays, preventing skin cancer, and fighting premature ageing. As sunscreen technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more effective and environmentally friendly solutions to emerge.
Time to Top Up Your Sunscreen! 🧴
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Stay safe, stay protected, and enjoy the outdoors responsibly!
References:
- The effect of sunscreen on Vitamin D: a review – British Journal of Dermatology, 2019
- High-SPF sunscreens (SPF ≥70) may provide ultraviolet protection – Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
- Photoprotection beyond ultraviolet radiation – Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
- DNA repair enzymes in sunscreens and their impact on photoageing – Systematic Review